United midfielder had tested positive for coronavirus and that was later confirmed by boss Didier Deschamps at a press conference.
Rennes midfield star Eduardo Camavinga is said to be his direct replacement in the squad. Martial's recall represents recognition for a superb year for the United striker.
He was handed a more prominent role by Ole Gunnar Solskjaer at the satrt of the 2019/20 season after Romelu Lukaku's sale, and also regained the No.9 shirt at Old Trafford, before responding with 23 goals in all competitions.
Martial will compete with superstars Kylian Mbappé and Antoine Griezmann for a spot in Deschamps' front three, along with Chelsea's Olivier Giroud and Monaco forward Wissam Ben Yedder.