Italy is braced for nationwide protests, blockades and potential disruption as tough new coronavirus restrictions for workers come into effect.
All workers must show a so-called Green Pass, offering proof of vaccination, recent recovery from Covid-19 or a negative test - or face being declared absent without pay.
More than 86% of Italians over the age of 12 have received at least one jab, thus automatically qualifying for the certification.
But up to three million workers are estimated to be unvaccinated - and most will only be able to work if they pay for their own tests either every 48 or 72 hours, depending on the type.