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Studies highlight benefits of COVID vaccine booster, longer dose spacing

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Two reports yesterday in the New England Journal of Medicine detail the effects of the COVID-19 vaccine booster on Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant antibody levels, one finding that concentrations were 20 times higher after a third Moderna vaccine dose than after the primary series, and the other showing the benefits of longer intervals between doses.20-fold jump in Omicron antibodies after boosterIn the first study, a team led by Moderna scientists assessed neutralizing antibody responses to a third Moderna vaccine dose against the Omicron variant versus the wild-type (D614G), Beta (B1351), and Delta (B1617.2) strains.

The study built upon a pilot study that found that vaccine immune response to Omicron was lower than that to the wild-type and Beta strains.The researchers measured Omicron variant neutralization using serum samples from participants who had received the two-dose Moderna vaccine regimen in the Coronavirus Efficacy (COVE) phase 2 and 3 trials of that vaccine.Participants were randomly assigned to receive either a third dose of the prototypical Moderna vaccine (the version available under an emergency use authorization for US adults), a 1:1 mix of the authorized vaccine and Beta variant messenger RNAs (mRNAs), or a 1:1 mix of Beta and Delta mRNAs.The Moderna vaccine induced detectable antibodies against Omicron in 85% of participants 1 month after the second dose.

The 50% inhibitory dilution (ID50) geometric mean titer was 35.0 times lower against Omicron than against the wild-type strain.

Independently performed live-virus focus-reduction and pseudovirus neutralization tests yielded similar results.Seven months after primary vaccine series completion, anti-Omicron antibodies were found in only 55% of

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World leaders express outrage over Russia's 'barbaric attack' on Ukraine
BRUSSELS - World leaders expressed a raw outrage shrouded by an impotence to immediately come to the aid of Ukraine to avoid a major war in Europe, condemning Russia’s attack on its neighbor as the European Union and others promised unprecedented sanctions to hit the Kremlin.European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen called it a "barbaric attack" on an independent nation that also targeted "the stability in Europe and the whole of the international peace order." The EU will hold an emergency summit in Brussels, where NATO is also meeting after Poland and the Baltic nations bordering Russia and Ukraine called for an urgent session.But no one promised to move in militarily and defend Ukraine as it could touch off a major European war. Russian President Vladimir Putin warned anyone listening that any interference would "lead to consequences you have never seen in history."So instead, most of the world — but not China — condemned and threatened to hit the Russian elites with, in the words of EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell, "the strongest package, the harshest package of sanctions we have ever implemented.""A major nuclear power has attacked a neighbor country and is threatening reprisals of any other states that may come to the rescue," Borrell said.
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