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No antibodies in 1 in 3 unvaccinated COVID-19 survivors in Spain at 1 yearOne in three unvaccinated COVID-19 survivors in a Spanish cohort had no detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies nearly 1 year after infection, according to a prospective study published today in BMC Medicine.A team led by researchers from the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGLOBAL) measured SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in 1,076 adults aged 43 to 72 years from June to November 2020 and again from May to July 2021, before the emergence of the Omicron variant.

Participants also completed questionnaires on lifestyle, health-related, and sociodemographic characteristics.By the end of the study, 12.1% of participants were unvaccinated, 24.8% were partially vaccinated, and 63.1% were fully vaccinated.

Median time since the last dose was 28 days. More unvaccinated participants had a previous COVID-19 diagnosis (32.3%) or positive antibody test in 2020 (49.2%) than vaccinated participants (12.5% and 28.2%, respectively).

During the second antibody measurement more than 300 days after primary COVID-19 infection, 67.2% of infected unvaccinated participants still had antibodies, while serologic status was undetermined in 15.5%, and 20.3% had no antibodies.

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