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COVID-19 vaccines protect against severe outcomes but less so over time

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A pair of studies published yesterday in JAMA show that COVID-19 vaccines offer good protection against severe illness and death, but with one finding waning effectiveness against milder disease, Omicron infection, and hospitalization after a few months—even in previously infected and boosted participants.Less effective against Omicron infectionUniversity of North Carolina researchers led a study of the state's 10.6 million residents from Mar 2, 2020, to Jun 3, 2022, comparing outcomes among those who completed a primary COVID-19 vaccine series versus those who remained unvaccinated.The median age was 39 years, 51.3% were female, 71.5% were White, 9.9% were Hispanic, and 67% were vaccinated by the end of the study.

A total of 2,771,364 infections occurred, with a hospitalization rate of 6.3% and a death rate of 1.4%.Seven months after the first of the two doses in the primary series, estimated two-dose vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine was 54.3% against infection, 85.8% against hospitalization, and 89.6% against death.

Five months later, its estimated VE was 37.5% against infection, 58.8% against hospitalization, and 75.2% against death.Estimated VE of the Moderna vaccine at 7 months was 69.2% against infection, 89.8% against hospitalization, and 93.0% against death after two doses.

Five months later, its estimated VE was 47.2% against infection, 64.7% against hospitalization, and 69.6% against death.For the Johnson & Johnson (J&J) vaccine—whose primary series is just one dose—estimated VE 7 months after that dose was 60.2% against infection, 69.7% against hospitalization, and 76.7% against death.

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Coronavirus (COVID-19): right to work checks - gov.uk - Britain - Ireland
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Coronavirus (COVID-19): right to work checks
.Deferring the end date ensured that employers had sufficient time to develop commercial relationships with identity service providers, make the necessary changes to their pre-employment checking processes and carry out responsible on-boarding of their chosen provider.It has also ensured that the right to work scheme has continued to support long-term, post-pandemic working practices, providing sufficient time to put measures in place to enable face to face document checks if employers do not wish to adopt digital checks for British and Irish citizens with a valid passport (or Irish passport card).From 1 October 2022, employers must carry out one of the prescribed checks before employment commences, as set out in guidance.These checks are:a manual right to work checka right to work check using IDVT through the services of an identity service provider (IDSP)a Home Office online right to work checkConducting any of these checks will provide employers with a statutory excuse which is a defence against a civil penalty.Further information for employers on how to conduct these checks is available on the .Where a right to work check has been conducted using the , the information is provided in real time directly from Home Office systems and there is no requirement for employers to see or check the individual’s documents.Employers cannot insist individuals use this service or discriminate against those who choose to use accepted documents to prove their right to work.The has a list of acceptable documents.Employers do not need to carry out retrospective checks on those who had a COVID-19 adjusted check between 30 March 2020 and 30 September 2022 (inclusive).
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